India spends only 0.7% of GDP on R&D, far below global leaders like China and South Korea. This article explores the historical, social, and economic reasons for India’s R&D gap and lays out a roadmap for boosting innovation, from funding and academia–industry collaboration to talent retention and global partnerships.
Rethinking Research and Development in India: Challenges and Pathways to Renewal
India spends only 0.7% of GDP on R&D, far below global leaders like China and South Korea. This article explores the historical, social, and economic reasons for India’s R&D gap and lays out a roadmap for boosting innovation, from funding and academia–industry collaboration to talent retention and global partnerships.